Käyttäjätason ohjelmistokontittaminen pilviradioliityntäverkossa

The amount of devices connected through mobile networks has been growing rapidly. This growth will create a demand for network capacity that cannot be met with traditional methods. This problem could be solved by implementing a cloud radio access network (RAN), a new concept, to adapt cloud computing technologies, such as software containers, from the software industry to RANs. This adaptation will also create a need to modify working practices in order to better comply with these new cloud computing technologies. While cloud RAN has recently received much research attention, the actual software implementations have not been widely discussed in the literature. Therefore, this thesis evaluates the feasibility of using software containers in the user-plane applications of cloud RAN in terms of networking and inter-container communications (ICC). This is accomplished by identifying potential approaches for ICC and for container networking as well as measuring the performance of these approaches. Two approaches are proposed for ICC and container networking. The approaches were evaluated in terms of throughput and latency. These approaches were found to be suitable for use in cloud RAN user-plane applications. However, since the measurements were performed in a simplified environment, implementing the approaches into a cloud RAN component will require further work.Mobiiliverkkoihin liitettävien laitteiden määrä kasvaa nopeasti. Tämä kasvu tulee luomaan verkon kapasiteetille kysynnän, johon ei kyetä vastaamaan perinteisin menetelmin. Tämä ongelma voitaineen ratkaista implementoimalla pilviradioliityntäverkko (Cloud RAN), uusi konsepti, joka sovittaa ohjelmistoalalla vakiintuneita pilvilaskentateknologioita käytettäväksi radioliityntäverkoissa (radio access network, RAN). Tämä sovitusprosessi luo tarpeen mukauttaa myös työskentelytavat yhteensopiviksi uusien pilvilaskentateknologioiden kanssa. Vaikka pilviradioliityntäverkkoa on tutkittu aktiivisesti viime aikoina, käytännön ohjelmistototeutukset eivät juuri ole olleet esillä kirjallisuudessa. Tämä diplomityö arvioi ohjelmistokonttien (software containers) soveltuvuutta käytettäväksi pilviradioliityntäverkon käyttäjätason (user-plane) applikaatioissa verkottamisen (networking) ja ohjelmistokonttien välisen kommunikoinnin (inter-container communications, ICC) suhteen. Tämä arviointi suoritetaan identifioimalla mahdollisia toteutuksia ohjelmistokonttien väliselle kommunikaatiolle ja ohjelmistokonttien verkottamiselle sekä mittaamalla näiden toteutuksien suorituskyky. Tässä diplomityössä ehdotetaan tutkittavaksi kaksi toteutusta ohjelmistokonttien väliselle kommunikaatiolle ja ohjelmistokonttien verkottamiselle. Nämä toteutukset arvioitiin välityskyvyn (throughput) ja latenssin suhteen. Näiden toteutuksien todettiin olevan soveliaita käytettäväksi pilviradioliityntäverkon käyttäjätason applikaatioissa. Kuitenkin, koska mittaukset toteutettiin yksinkertaistetussa ympäristössä, vaatii toteutuksien implementointi pilviradioliityntäverkon komponenttiin lisätyötä

31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two

Background The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd. Methods We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background. Results First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival

Standardityön ohjeistus ja kirjallisten työohjeiden laatiminen : Kaukora Oy, Raision tehdas

Tämän opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli luoda toimeksiantajalleni selkeät standardoidut työohjeet tuotannon kokoonpanolinjastoille, sekä samalla tarkastella työn suorittamista ja sen tehokkuutta. Lean-ajattelulla pyritään paikallistamaan ja poistamaan arvoa lisäämätöntä työtä eli hukkaa, ja täten nopeuttamaan valmistettavan tuotteen läpimenoaikaa. Tämän insinöörityön teoriaosuudessa perehdytään Lean-ajattelun taustoihin ja historiaan eri kirja- ja verkko lähteisiin viitaten. Työssä esitetään myös Lean-ajattelun keskeisempiä työkaluja sekä näiden perusteita ja tekniikoita ongelmien ratkaisuehdotukseksi. Lisäksi esitetään työnsuunnitteluohjelmisto, joka mahdollistaa yksityiskohtaisten ja selkeiden työohjeiden laadinnan. Opinnäytetyön tuloksena saatiin yrityksen kokoonpanolinjastoille kolmelle valmistettavalle tuotteelle standardoidut työohjeet. Laaditut selkeät työohjeet mahdollistavat tuotteen läpimenoajan lyhentymisen. Ohjeita noudattamalla työ voidaan suorittaa tehokkaasti ja turvallisesti. Menetelmät sekä työkalut ja tavat jolla työohjeet luotiin, standardoitiin yrityksen tuleville uusille ohjeille.The goal of this thesis was to compile a set of clear standardized work instructions for three of the company’s products at the assembly line and at the same time examine the execution of the work and its effectiveness. LEAN Methodology aims to locate and remove non-value adding work and decrease the turnaround time of a product. In the theory part of the thesis, the backgrounds and history of LEAN are studied, referring to different book and network sources. The work also presents the central tools and techniques of LEAN as a possible solution for the problems. In addition, a work planning software, which makes the compilation of quite detailed and clear work instructions possible, is presented. Completion of the thesis resulted in a set of standardized work instructions for three products made at the assembly line of the company. Clear work instructions enable a decrease in the turnaround time of the product. The work can be performed effectively and safely by following the instructions. Methods, tools and ways, which the work instructions were created with, were standardized for the future instructions created by the company

Employment opportunities in esports : do Raahen porvari- ja kauppakoulu’s esports studies meet the needs of the esports industry?

Esports industry has seen massive growth in the past decade. The audiences are growing, the tournament prizes are growing, and subsequently the esports organizations are growing. However, the business side of esports and monetization of the audiences is still lacking. There is still lot of work to be done for a more professional and sustainable esports industry. This research attempted to piece together some of the fragmented data available of the esports field and augment it with visions by some of the most prominent esports experts. The goal was to study esports and conduct a summary of the working opportunities that the field provides now and in the future. Better picture of the esports industry was formed to apprehend the field’s future and find out what positions and skills are going to be on demand, so that the Raahen porvari- ja kauppakoulu can provide suitable education that prepares its students to answer the needs of the job market. Seven highly skilled professionals were interviewed in semi-structured interviews in the autumn of 2021 about their views on the esports scene and its outlook

Head and Gaze Orientation in Hemispheric Image Viewing

Head mounted displays provide a good platform for viewing of immersive 360° or hemispheric images. A person can observe an image all around, just by turning his/her head and looking at different directions. The device also provides a highly useful tool for studying the observer’s gaze directions and head turns. We aimed to explore the interplay between participant’s head and gaze directions and collected head and gaze orientation data while participants were asked to view and study hemispheric images. In this exploration paper we show combined visualizations of both the head and gaze orientations and present two preliminary models of the relation between the gaze and the head orientations. We also show results of an analysis of the gaze and head behavior in relation to the given task/question.publishedVersionPeer reviewe